Verificari PRAM - 0723 758 558

<h1 class="title" style="color: #ca2f1e; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -1px; line-height: 36px; margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; text-shadow: rgb(255, 255, 255) 0px 1px 0px, rgb(170, 170, 170) 0px 2px 4px;"> Verificari PRAM - 0723 758 558</h1> <div> <br /></div> <div> <span style="font-size: large;">Asiguram o gama variata de masuratori PRAM</span></div> <div> <br /></div> <div> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5EOFeQ48_8Q/Wu7fn6mAwTI/AAAAAAAACfk/lVjG1FWFYx4jtl25yVzIllBNr-HsPzW0wCLcBGAs/s1600/electricaltesting.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="280" data-original-width="512" height="174" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-5EOFeQ48_8Q/Wu7fn6mAwTI/AAAAAAAACfk/lVjG1FWFYx4jtl25yVzIllBNr-HsPzW0wCLcBGAs/s320/electricaltesting.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vihrrLzRjXY/Wu7aM943ZCI/AAAAAAAACfU/qQti8ucSC9cisSpnMqP56NM4ENxaJX5FwCLcBGAs/s1600/20151105_093117.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="961" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vihrrLzRjXY/Wu7aM943ZCI/AAAAAAAACfU/qQti8ucSC9cisSpnMqP56NM4ENxaJX5FwCLcBGAs/s320/20151105_093117.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /><br /><br /><br /></b></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>ARC CONNECT</b></span></span><br /> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: medium;"><b><i><span style="color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: large;">Specialisti in verificari pram</span><span style="font-size: large;">, </span></span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: large;">preturi minime, </span><span style="color: #333333; font-size: large;">raspuns rapid, seriozitate.</span></i></b></span><br /> <span style="font-size: large;"><b><em style="color: #333333;"><br /></em></b></span></div> <div class="content" style="margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"> <div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"> <div style="color: #646464;"> <span style="color: #333333;"><em><b>S.C. ARC Connect SRL</b>, este o societate atestata ANRE si ofera servicii de calitate superioare, aceste servicii fiind garantate de catre unii dintre cei mai buni specialisti in domeniul instalatiilor electrice si masuratorilor PRAM<span style="font-size: 12px;">.</span></em><em style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></em></span></div> <div style="color: #646464; font-size: 12px;"> <span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="color: #333333;"><em><br /></em></span></span></div> <i><b><span style="color: red;">Masuratori PRAM</span></b></i><br /> <br /> 1. Verificare priza de pamant, continuitate si emitere buletin de incercare<br /> 2. Masuratori nivel de tensiune si emitere buletin de incercare<br /> 3. Masuratori rezistenta de izilatie cabluri si emitere buletin de incercare<br /> <br /> <h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #25262e; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.765em; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 1.4em; margin-top: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> Intocmire raport de verificare si buletin PRAM</h3> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: dimgrey; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.71em; margin-top: 0em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> Executia unor astfel de lucrari de verificare PRAM este obligatorie si trebuie realizata periodic, de minim 2 ori pe an. Acest lucru permite monitorizarea pe termen lung a instalatiilor electrice.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: dimgrey; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.71em; margin-top: 0em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> Pe baza masuratorilor si inregistrarilor este intocmit un raport de verificare periodica la care sunt atasate buletine PRAM in care sunt cuprinse toate datele obligatorii, in conformitate cu legislatia in vigoare, precum:</div> <ul style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #909193; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.71em; margin-top: 0em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; padding-left: 1.5em; text-align: start;"> <li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Orice conditie necesara pentru o analiza amanuntita a masuratorilor;</li> <li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Tipul aparatului utilizat in timpul masuratorii PRAM;</li> <li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Numele electricianului, locul si data masurarii pentru a fi transmise in evidenta persoanelor responsabile de Protectia Muncii, Protectia Consumatorilor, Pompieri etc.</li> <li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Copie autorizatie ANRE pe baza caruia emitentul elibereaza buletin PRAM</li> <li style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; font-family: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word;">Copie certificat aparat omologat metrologic utilizat in timpul operatiunilor de masurare.</li> </ul> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: dimgrey; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.71em; margin-top: 0em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> Pe baza de contract de prestari servicii, echipa noastra de electricieni autorizati ANRE se ocupa de proiectarea si organizarea, implementarea operatiunilor de masurare si emitere buletin PRAM, astfel incat sa poti beneficia de garantie post-operatiuni de masurare care include servicii de mentenanta si consiliere pentru ca echipamentele electrice sau electronice sa fie utilizate in parametri optimi.</div> <h3 style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #25262e; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 1.765em; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 1.4em; margin-top: 0px !important; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> Verificari pram - Intampinam si solutionam orice problema cu maxima responsabilitate</h3> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: dimgrey; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.71em; margin-top: 0em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> ARC Connect este firma autorizata ANRE categoria A2 (pentru incercari de echipamente sau instalatii electrice de joasa si medie tensiune) si B2 (pentru proiectare si executie instalatii electrice pana in 4 kV.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: dimgrey; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; margin-bottom: 1.71em; margin-top: 0em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> Suntem deprinsi sa livram solutii sustenabile, in conditii de siguranta pentru a proteja viata oamenilor si bunurile acestora.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: dimgrey; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; margin-top: 0em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> Oferim servicii de verificari PRAM pentru instalatii electrice pe baza carora emitem buletine PRAM certificate si recunoscute de Inspectoratul pentru Situatii de Urgenta, Inspectoratul Teritorial de Munca si Protectia Consumatorilor.</div> <div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: dimgrey; font-family: Lato, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: inherit; margin-top: 0em; outline: 0px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-align: start;"> <br /></div> <div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: red;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">ŞTIAŢI CĂ…</span></em></span></span></div> <div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: navy; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"><img alt="" src="https://www.electricalc.ro/images/1ic.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: initial; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">Reglementarile legale în vigoare prevăd obligativitatea în sarcina propietarului privind verificarea</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;"> periodică a instalaţiilor electrice?</span></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><img alt="" src="https://www.electricalc.ro/images/1ic.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: initial; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /> Nerespectarea perioadei de verificare este un posibil factor de pericol?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img alt="" src="https://www.electricalc.ro/images/1ic.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: initial; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /> Verificările periodice ale instalaţiilor şi echipamentelor electrice reduc considerabil riscul unui posibil accident electric?<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><img alt="" src="https://www.electricalc.ro/images/1ic.jpg" style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: initial; height: auto; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;" /> Anual se produc accidente (electrocutari, incendii, etc.) din cauza instalaţiilor electrice realizate de neprofesionişti? lipsei de importanta acordate verificarilor instalatiei electrice?</span></span></div> <div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; color: red;">FRECVENŢA VERIFICARILOR PRAM</span></span></em></span></div> <div style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 19px; margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 10pt;">Procesele de îmbătrânire, precum şi influenţele atmosferice şi ale regimului de funcţionare au o influenţă considerabilă asupra fiabilităţii şi eficacităţii instalaţiilor de împământare, dar şi a celor de protecţie împotriva loviturilor de trăsnet.<br style="box-sizing: border-box;" />Funcţionalitatea de lungă durată a instalaţiilor electrice, vechimea acestora şi mai ales cazul modificării condiţiilor de exploatare şi de solicitare actual, reprezintă elementul central al verificărilor PRAM periodice.</span></div> </div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #646464; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"> <em><strong><span style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">Ce sunt verificarile PRAM?</span></strong></em></div> <div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">- Ordin nr. 108 din 1 August 2001/Ministerul de Interne/pentru aprobarea DGPSI 004-</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">Dispozitii generale privind reducerea riscurilor de incendiu generate de încărcări</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">electrostatice:</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     Art. 94. Masurarea rezistentei de dispersie pentru instalatia de legare la pamant se face:</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">a) in instalatii subterane si in instalatii locale de legare la pamant,</span><strong style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #161617; font-family: Tahoma, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px; vertical-align: baseline;"> cel putin de doua ori pe an</strong><span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">;</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">b) la retelele generale de legare la pamant, cel putin o data pe an</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     Verificarea Periodica a Instalatiilor Electrice trebuie executata deoarece prin aceasta putem evita situatii neplacute cum ar fi de exemplu: incendii, electrocutari, deconectari in alimentarea cu energie.</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     Verificarile periodice PRAM pot constitui obiective de control ale institutiilor abilitate ale statului in cadrul firmei d-voastra, cum ar fi :Inspectoratul Teritorial de Munca,Protectia Consumatorului si Inspectoratul pentru Situatii de Urgenta.</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     Verificarea periodica a instalatiilor electrice este necesara, deoarece toate instalatiile se deterioreaza din cauza unui numar de factori cum ar fi incarcare excesiva a circuitelor, uzura echipamentelor, coroziune , imbatrinirea izolatiilor.</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">In consecinta legislatia prevede ca instalatiile electrice trebuie sa fie mentinute intr-o stare corespunzatoare de siguranta, iar pentru aceasta ele trebuie sa fie inspectate si testate periodic.</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     Aceste verificari cuprind o serie de masuratori cum sunt: rezistenta de izolatie, impedanta de bucla, curentul de scurt circuit, rezistenta de dispersie a prizelor de pamant, continuitatea centurii de impamantare, verificarea aparatelor de protectie inclusiv a disjunctoarelor diferentiale.</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     In urma analizarii acestor masuratori se emit Rapoartele de incercari pentru instalatia verificata, rapoarte care certifica starea instalatiilor si echipamentelor electrice.</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     Toate acestea sunt executate de personal cu indelungata experienta in domeniu si care dispune de o dotare de ultima generatie conforma cu standardele si normativele in vigoare.</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     Va putem oferi acest serviciu dispunind de oameni cu calificare si experienta PRAM, cu dotare de aparatura de testare conforma cu legislatia actuala.</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     In urma verificarii PRAM se intocmeste un Raport de verificare/incercare care cuprinde:</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">• Conditiile de masurare;</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">• Tipul aparatului;</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">• Executantul si locul masurarii.</span><br /> <br style="border: none; color: #161617; font-family: Arial; font-size: 13px; list-style-type: none; margin: 0px; outline: none 0px; padding: 0px; text-indent: 30px;" /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">     In cazul in care valorile masurate nu corespund normelor, instalatia prezinta pericol de electrocutare,</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">iar paratrasnetul nu mai prezinta siguranta impotriva incendierii in caz de trasnet. Pentru evitarea acestor</span><br /> <span style="color: #161617; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; text-indent: 30px;">evenimente nedorite, putem remedia rapid problemele si executam reverificare PRAM pentru siguranta.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>S.C. ARC CONNECT SRL-D</b></span><br /> <div style="color: #646464;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>Contact: 0723 758 558</b></span></div> <div style="color: #646464;"> <span style="font-size: large;"><b>www.arcconnect.net</b></span></div> </div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #646464; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> </div>

Verificari PRAM - 0723 758 558

Verificari PRAM - 0723 758 558 Asiguram o gama variata de masuratori PRAM ARC CONNECT Specialisti in verificari pram ,  preturi...

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font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Conductoare izolate</span></b></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Fixare directa pe pereti</span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Da</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Nu</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Tuburi de protectie în montaj aparent</span><span lang="FR"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Da</span><span lang="DE"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Da</span><span lang="DE"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Tuburi de protectie în montaj îngropat</span><span lang="DE"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Da**</span><span lang="DE"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Da</span><span lang="DE"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Pozare pe poduri de cabluri</span><span lang="FR"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Da</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Nu</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Pozare în profile prefabricate (plinte, jgheaburi etc.)</span><span lang="FR"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Da</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Da*</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">*) Cu conditia ca profilele sa aiba pereti plini si sa fie prevazute cu un capac ce poate fi demontat numai cu ajutorul unei scule.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">**) Numai pe portiuni scurte pentru un racord la utilaje, treceri prin pereti, plansee etc.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Conductele electrice trebuie protejate mecanic pe toata lungimea lor, fara discontinuitati.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Atunci când tuburile de protectie sunt montate înglobat în elementele de constructie, accesoriile de îmbinare ale acestora trebuie sa asigure etanseitate în timpul prizei cimentului.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Stabilirea traseului tuburilor de protectie trebuie sa se faca astfel încât sa nu fie posibila acumularea apei de condensatie în nici un punct al acestuia.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Tuburile de protectie trebuie pozate astfel încât sa nu fie posibila patrunderea apei.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Tragerea conductelor electrice în tuburile de protectie, în plinte sau în profile se face numai dupa montarea lor si a accesoriilor acestora.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Pentru a îndeplini conditiile de instalare a conductelor electrice si pentru a îndeplini conditia de limitare a temperaturii de functionare normala, sectiunea totala a acestora (conducte izolate) trebuie sa fie cel mult egala cu 1/3 din sectiunea interioara a tubului de protectie sau a profilelor. În cazul tragerii unui singur cablu în tub, raportul dintre diametrul interior al tubului si diametrul exterior al cablului trebuie sa fie de cel putin 1,5.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Atunci când se utilizeaza tuburi de protectie metalice, acestea trebuie legate la pamânt. Tuburile metalice nu trebuie utilizate drept conductoare de legare la pamânt sau drept conductoare de protectie.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Atunci când se utilizeaza tuburi de protectie metalice din materiale feromagnetice, toate conductoarele aceluiasi circuit electric, inclusiv conductorul de protectie trebuie instalate în acelasi tub. Face exceptie conductorul PE fara izolatie care trebuie instalat separat.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Tuburile de protectie pozate în canale tehnice si îmbinarile lor trebuie sa fie etanse. Tuburile de protectie metalice trebuie montate astfel încât sa se asigure evacuarea apei de condensatie.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Pozarea tuburilor de protectie ale instalatiei electrice în slituri practicate în plansee este interzisa. Tuburile de protectie pot fi înglobate în plansee la turnarea acestora sau pot fi montate peste placa si înglobate în sapa de egalizare.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Capacele dozelor derivate trebuie sa ramâna accesibile si demontabile dupa încastrarea în elementul de constructie.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Golurile pentru traseele electrice din constructie trebuie sa permita trecerea libera a tuburilor de protectie.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Tuburile de protectie care se monteaza în golurile constructiei trebuie sa fie etanse în situatiile în care este cazul.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Atunci când plafoanele false sunt formate din panouri demontabile, distributiile electrice trebuie sa fie fixate independent de aceste panouri (vezi </span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span lang="FR">fig. 5.1</span></span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">).</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Plintele sau profilele trebuie alese si pozate astfel încât sa nu dauneze conductoarelor electrice. Ele trebuie suporte, fara a crea pericole, influentele externe la care sunt supuse.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. În plinte sau profile cu capac demontabil cu ajutorul unei scule, sunt admise conexiuni realizate conform paragrafului "Conexiuni" din prezentul ghid.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Plintele sau profilele ale caror capace sunt demontabile fara ajutorul unei scule sau au pereti perforati, pot fi utilizate numai în încaperi pentru echipamente electrice.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. De preferinta, în plinte sau profile, conductoarele electrice se pozeaza într-un singur strat.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Un tub sau un compartiment al unei plinte, poate sa contina conductoare izolate apartinând unor circuite diferite alimentate la aceeasi tensiune nominala.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Daca conductoarele izolate care trec prin acelasi tub sau compartiment al unei plinte apartinând unor circuite diferite, alimenteaza acelasi aparat sau echipament, atunci fiecare circuit trebuie protejat separat împotriva supracurentilor.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Nu se admite utilizarea aceluiasi conductor neutru (N) pentru mai multe circuite individuale.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. În cazul distributiilor prefabricate de tip industrial, producatorul trebuie sa precizeze urmatoarele valori pentru calculul impedantelor buclelor de defect necesare verificarii conditiilor de protectie împotriva atingerilor indirecte:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- R_c - rezistenta fiecaruia dintre conductoarele active la temperatura de 20</span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 10pt;">°</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">C;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- R_r - rezistenta fiecarui conductor activ atunci când echilibrul termic este atins;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- X - impedanta medie pe metru de lungime a conductoarelor active, în regim trifazat echilibrat, pentru curentul si frecventa nominala;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- R_PE - rezistenta ohmica pe metru de lungime a conductorului de protectie;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- Z_b - impedanta pe metru de lungime a buclei de defect având configuratia cea mai defavorabila;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- pentru conductoarele active, buclele faza - faza si faza - neutru;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- bucla faza - conductorul de protectie.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Distributiile prefabricate trebuie sa aiba gradul de protectie corespunzator încaperii sau amplasamentului în care se instaleaza, conform normativului I.7.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Nu este permisa utilizarea distributiilor prefabricate în bai sau în încaperi cu dusuri.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Amplasarea elementelor si accesoriilor (elemente de îmbinare, de schimbare a directiei, de ramificatie etc.) precum si fixarea lor, trebuie sa se faca conform indicatiilor date de producator.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Aparatele si accesoriile integrate în distributiile prefabricate destinate sa alimenteze conductoare externe (de exemplu prize, blocuri de jonctiuni) trebuie sa fie corespunzatoare normelor produs).</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Instalatiile electrice în distributii prefabricate trebuie sa aiba curentul nominal si caderea de tensiune corespunzatoare cel putin puterii transportate în functionare normala.</span></div>

Pozarea cablurilor si conductoarelor

Moduri principale de pozare a cablurilor si conductoarelor izolate Mod de pozare Cabluri Conductoare izolate Fixare directa pe pe...

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Clase de protectie si simboluri pentru materialele electrice

<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Clase de protectie si simboluri pentru materialele electrice</span></b></div> <div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 590px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="17%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Clasa materialului</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="19%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Simbol international</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="64%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Mod de realizare</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="17%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">0</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" width="19%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 24pt;">-</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="64%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Protectia se bazeaza pe "izolatia principala".</span><br /> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Nu este prevazuta nici o masura pentru legarea partilor conductoare accesibile, daca exista, la un conductor de protectie care face parte din instalatia electrica fixa, protectia în caz de defect al izolatiei principale bazându-se pe "împrejmuire".</span><span lang="FR"></span></td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="17%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">I</span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="19%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <img border="0" height="32" src="https://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/507_poze/image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1073" width="32" /></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="64%"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Carcasele cu parti bune conductoare electric sunt prevazute cu borna de legare la pamânt, astfel încât partile accesibile neizolate sa nu poata deveni periculoase în cazul defectarii izolatiei principale.</span></td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="17%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">II</span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="19%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <img border="0" height="32" src="https://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/507_poze/image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1074" width="32" /></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="64%"><span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Protectia se realizeaza prin "izolatie dubla" sau "izolatie întarita". </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Nu se prevede borna de legare la pamânt.</span><span lang="FR"></span></td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="17%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">III</span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="19%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <img border="0" height="32" src="https://www.scritub.com/files/tehnica%20mecanica/507_poze/image002.gif" v:shapes="_x0000_i1075" width="32" /></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="64%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Protectia se realizeaza prin alimentarea la TFJS sau TFJP</span><span lang="FR"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">* Simbolul pentru corpuri de iluminat cu surse incandescente.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">U, tensiunea de alimentare (V)</span></div>

Clase de protectie si simboluri pentru materialele electrice

Clase de protectie si simboluri pentru materialele electrice Clasa materialului Simbol international Mod de realizare 0 - Pro...

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Protectia impotriva supratensiunilor

<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Protectia împotriva supratensiunilor</span></b></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Supratensiunile la care pot fi supuse instalatiile electrice pot fi generate de:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- un defect de izolatie al instalatiilor de J.T. fata de instalatiile de înalta tensiune;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- descarcari atmosferice;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- manevrarea echipamentelor electrice;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- fenomene de rezonanta;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- întreruperea neutrului (N) în reteaua de J.T.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">. Aparatele de protectie la supratensiuni sunt de urmatoarele tipuri:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- tip A, pentru linii electrice aeriene (LEA);</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- tip B, pentru cladiri cu bransament aerian sau subteran prevazute cu IPT;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- tip C, pentru cladiri cu bransament subteran sau aerian prevazute sau nu cu IPT;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">- tip D, pentru protectia receptorului final.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Protectia instalatiilor electrice la supratensiuni de origine atmosferica se face cu dispozitive de protectie la supratensiuni de tip B pentru tensiuni cuprinse între 0,4...4kV (0,5...2,5kV) pentru un curent maxim de descarcare de 30...140 (5) kA pentru timp de descarcare 8/20</span><span style="font-family: "symbol";">m</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">s.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Aceste dispozitive se monteaza în tabloul electric general, dupa sigurante si înaintea aparatelor de masura si înregistrare si au în componenta eclatoare, separatoare termice si varistoare cu oxid metalic.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Echiparea instalatiei electrice cu astfel de aparate este necesara numai în cazul în care constructia este prevazuta cu instalatie de protectie împotriva trasnetelor sau este alimentata prin racord aerian la reteaua de joasa tensiune.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Protectia instalatiei electrice la supratensiuni accidentale generate de comutatie pe sarcini inductive sau capacitive (actionari ale echipamentelor electrice) se face cu aparate de protectie la supratensiuni de comutatie de tip C pentru retele de 75 - 500V în reteaua de alimentare de joasa tensiune.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Echiparea cu aparate de acest tip este necesara atât în cazul constructiilor echipate cu instalatie de protectie împotriva trasnetelor, cât si în cazul celor neechipate, indiferent de modul de racordare (aerian sau subteran) la reteaua de joasa tensiune.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Aceste aparate pot contine protectie dinamica, protectie termica, varistor cu oxid metalic si eclator cu descarcare în gaz si se monteaza în tabloul principal sau secundar.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Aparatele de protectie la supratensiuni de tip B si C care nu sunt prevazute cu cartuse intersanjabile, trebuie separate în tabloul electric printr-un separator legat în paralel, care sa permita înlocuirea aparatului defect si realimentarea instalatiei generale.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Protectia individuala a receptoarelor (protectie finala) la supratensiuni induse si remanente se face cu aparate de protectie la supratensiuni de tip D pentru retele de 230 V. Pentru aparate de laborator, echipamente electrice si tehnica de calcul, aparatele de protectie sunt echipate cu control termic de functionare pentru echilibrarea de potential între cablurile de antena si alimentare electrica si cu filtre antiparazite de banda larga.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;">Aceste aparate se monteaza în prize cu contact de protectie.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> Toate aparatele de protectie la supratensiuni asigura o protectie eficienta numai daca rezistenta de dispersie a prizei de pamânt a instalatiei electrice este corespunzatoare (R </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">≤</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> 1 </span><span style="font-family: "symbol";">W</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> pentru priza comuna cu priza IPT, R </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">≤</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> 5 </span><span style="font-family: "symbol";">W</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> pentru priza de pamânt separata naturala sau R = 1 </span><span style="font-family: "symbol";">W</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"> pentru priza de pamânt artificiala).</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H6sRjtidmwc/Wu7WTGdmonI/AAAAAAAACfI/F9evsI-wj5gAOFTApdsG9MYt8nQE7nJvACLcBGAs/s1600/Montaj-DPSM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="498" data-original-width="1050" height="303" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-H6sRjtidmwc/Wu7WTGdmonI/AAAAAAAACfI/F9evsI-wj5gAOFTApdsG9MYt8nQE7nJvACLcBGAs/s640/Montaj-DPSM.jpg" width="640" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: "arial"; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></div>

Protectia impotriva supratensiunilor

Protectia împotriva supratensiunilor Supratensiunile la care pot fi supuse instalatiile electrice pot fi generate de: - un defect de ...

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Protectia diferentiala

<div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Întreruperea automata a alimentarii prin dispozitive diferentiale reziduala</span></b></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br /></span></b></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Protectia împotriva atingerilor indirecte cu ajutorul dispozitivului diferential rezidual este asigurata atunci când este îndeplinita relatia:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I</span>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}_{<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">n</span>}<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> x R_m </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">≤</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> U_L</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">în care:</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial;"></span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">I</span>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}_{<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">n</span>}<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">, curentul diferential nominal (de functionare) (A);</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">R_m, rezistenta de dispersie la pamânt a maselor legate la pamânt (</span><span style="font-family: Symbol;">W</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">);</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">U_L, tensiunea de atingere maxima admisa (V) care poate fi:</span></div> <ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; padding-right: 2px; text-align: justify; width: 817.175px;" type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">50 V c.a. în cazul general;</span></li> <li class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR" style="font-size: 10pt;">25 V c.a. pentru santiere si ferme agrozootehnice</span></li> </ul> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Curentul diferential nominal (de functionare) I</span>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}_{<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">n</span>}<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> trebuie sa aiba o valoare apropiata de valoarea curentului diferential rezidual I</span>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Curentul diferential rezidual I</span>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> depinde de valoarea rezistentei de dispersie la pamânt a maselor legate la pamânt R_m, conform tabelului 4.4.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Tabelul 4.4.</span></div> <div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Alegerea dispozitivelor diferentiale în functie de valoarea rezistentei de dispersie la pamânt a maselor</span></b></div> <div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 555px;"><tbody> <tr style="break-inside: avoid; height: 6.75pt;"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; height: 6.75pt; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="46%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Curentul diferential rezidual I</span></b><b>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}</b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><br />[mA]</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td colspan="2" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; height: 6.75pt; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="54%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Valoarea maxima a rezistentei de dispersie la pamânt a maselor legate la pamânt R_m<br />[</span></b><b><span style="font-family: Symbol;">W</span></b><b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">]</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="break-inside: avoid; height: 6.75pt;"><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; height: 6.75pt; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="27%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">U_L = 50V c.a.</span></b></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; height: 6.75pt; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="27%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">U_L = 25V c.a.</span></b></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" width="27%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Dispozitive diferentiale de medie sensibilitate</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="19%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1000</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">650</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">500</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">300</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">100</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="27%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">50</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">76</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">100</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">166</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">500</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="27%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">25</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">38</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">50</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">83</span></div> <div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">250</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr height="0"><td style="border: none; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px;" width="150"></td><td style="border: none; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px;" width="105"></td><td style="border: none; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px;" width="150"></td><td style="border: none; color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px;" width="150"></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">În cazul în care nu este posibil sa se realizeze o rezistenta R_m mai mica de 500 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;">W</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> pentru U_L = 50V c.a. si 250 </span><span style="font-family: Symbol;">W</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> pentru U_L = 25V c.a., se recomanda sa se utilizeze un dispozitiv diferential de înalta sensibilitate (I</span>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> = 6, 10, 30mA valori uzuale). Se pot utiliza si dispozitive pentru care I</span>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> este 12 sau 16 mA.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> La montaj, circuitul magnetic al dispozitivului diferential trebuie sa cuprinda toate conductoarele active ale circuitului protejat, inclusiv neutrul. Conductorul de protectie PE al circuitului trebuie sa ramâna în exteriorul circuitului magnetic</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Daca instalatiile electrice alimenteaza echipamente care au curenti de fuga permanenti, incompatibili cu utilizarea dispozitivelor diferentiale, atunci se foloseste o alta masura de protectie (de ex. separarea de protectie).</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Aparatul general de comanda si protectie al unei instalatii electrice alimentare din reteaua publica de joasa tensiune, adica disjunctorul de bransament, poate sa nu aiba si functie diferentiala.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Disjunctorul de bransament cu functie diferentiala poate fi utilizat în cazul protectiei la atingeri indirecte pentru valori ale rezistentei R_m conform tabelului 4.4. În cazul unui defect de izolatie, întreaga instalatie electrica este scoasa de sub tensiune de catre disjunctorul de bransament. Pentru a se evita aceasta situatie trebuie instalate dispozitive diferentiale la plecarea fiecarui circuit sau grupuri de circuite; conform schemelor de selectivitate din</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">În cazul utilizarii dispozitivelor diferentiale de protectie, selectivitatea poate fi realizata pe orizontala (sau pe verticala</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Selectivitatea orizontala poate asigura protectia unui singur circuit sau a unui grup de circuite si în acest caz trebuie sa fie de medie sau înalta sensibilitate.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">. Selectivitatea verticala (în cascada) poate fi realizata fie în doua trepte </span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> fie în trei trepte (</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Disjunctorul de bransament de tip S (selectiv) permite asigurarea selectivitatii verticale în doua sau trei trepte prin utilizarea dispozitivelor diferentiale de 100 mA sau 30 mA amplasate în aval de acesta.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> În instalatiile electrice mari, cu numar mare de nivele de distributie, se pot combina cele doua sisteme de selectivitate (orizontala si verticala). În acest caz, în tabloul general de distributie se monteaza un disjunctor general fara functie diferentiala .</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> În instalatia electrica protejata cu dispozitive diferentiale de înalta sensibilitate, masele trebuie legate la pamânt.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Dispozitivele diferentiale de înalta sensibilitate se utilizeaza pentru protectia:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">a) circuitelor de priza:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- cu curenti nominali mai mici sau egali cu 32 A, indiferent de locul de amplasare;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- din încaperile de clasa AD4 (U3);</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- din instalatiile electrice provizorii (de exemplu, în instalatii de santier) indiferent de curentul nominal;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- din sali de baie, dusuri si piscine (numai în volumul 3);</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- pentru încalzirea electrica prin pardoseala sau plafon;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">b) instalatiilor electrice utilizate în conditii grele.</span></div>

Protectia diferentiala

Întreruperea automata a alimentarii prin dispozitive diferentiale reziduala  Protectia împotriva atingerilor indirecte cu ajutorul disp...

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Protectia impotriva atingerilor directe

<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Protectia împotriva atingerilor directe</span></b></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Protectia împotriva atingerilor directe se realizeaza cu masuri prin care atingerea de catre utilizatori a conductoarelor si elementelor conductoare destinate a fi în mod normal sub tensiune, sa nu fie posibila. Nici un conductor si nici o parte electrica activa, inclusiv conductoarele N, nu trebuie sa fie accesibile omului.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Masurile de protectie împotriva atingerilor directe pot fi complete, partiale si suplimentare. Ele au în general numai aplicare locala (nu se aplica întregii instalatii electrice), asa cum se vede în tabelul 4.2.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Tabelul 4.2.</span></div> <div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Masuri de protectie împotriva atingerilor directe si aplicarea acestora</span></b></div> <div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 590px;"><tbody> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="11%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Nr. crt.</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="56%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Masuri de protectie</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Aplicare</span></b></div> </td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Masuri complete</span></b></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="11%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1</span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="56%"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Izolarea partilor active</span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- conductoare izolate;</span><br /> <span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- cabluri;</span><br /> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- aparate de uz casnic;</span><br /> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- aparate mici.</span><span lang="FR"></span></td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="11%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="56%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Bariere sau carcase</span><span lang="FR"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- dulapuri;</span><br /> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- cofrete;</span><br /> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- tablouri</span><span lang="FR"></span></td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="11%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="56%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Tensiune foarte joasa de securitate (TFJS) sau (TFJP)</span><span lang="FR"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Încaperi conductoare d.p.d.v. electric</span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Masuri partiale</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="11%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">4</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="56%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Obstacole</span><span lang="FR"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Încaperi destinate echipamentelor electrice</span><span lang="FR"></span></td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="11%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="56%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Amplasare în afara zonei de accesibilitate</span><span lang="FR"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- linii aeriene;</span><br /> <span lang="DE" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- bai;</span><br /> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- dusuri;</span><br /> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- piscine.</span><span lang="FR"></span></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Masuri suplimentare</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="11%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">6</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="56%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Dispozitive de protectie diferentiale (I</span>_{<span style="font-family: Symbol;">D</span>}_{<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">n</span>}<span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt;">≤</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> 30mA)</span><span lang="FR"></span></td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="33%"><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- amplasamente exterioare;</span><br /> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- instalatii de santier.</span><span lang="FR"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> Exceptii de la regula generala de protectie împotriva atingerilor directe se admit în conditiile date, în urmatoarele cazuri:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">a) În încaperile destinate echipamentelor electrice în care au acces numai persoane special instruite;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">b) În încaperile pentru producerea, transformarea si distributia energiei electrice;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">c) Pe platformele si laboratoarele de încercari;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">d) În încaperile si zonele de lucru pentru operatii de sudare cu arc electric si în cele pentru instalatii de electroliza daca tensiunile de lucru nu depasesc 1000V c.a. sau 1500V c.c.;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">e) În încaperile si zonele de lucru pentru celule de electroliza si în cele pentru galvanoplastic daca tensiunile de lucru nu depasesc 500V c.a. sau 750V c.c.;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">f) În situatiile în care instalatiile electrice sunt realizate astfel încât persoanele nu pot fi simultan în contact, nici direct, nici prin intermediul unor obiecte care în mod obisnuit le manevreaza sau transporta, cu mase cu defecte accidentale de izolatie, cu doua parti conductoare (parti active, mase sau elemente conductoare) în care diferenta de potential poate fi mai mare de:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- 50V c.a., respectiv 25V c.a. pe santiere si în încaperi agrozootehnice;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- 120V c.c., respectiv 60V c.c. pe santiere si încaperi agrozootehnice;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">g) În situatiile de la punctul f) daca nu pot fi respectate conditiile enumerate din motive justificate - necesitati tehnice impuse de functionarea materialelor sau instalatiilor electrice existente sau dispunerea încaperilor sau zonelor de lucru, trebuie luate urmatoarele masuri:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- încaperile sau zonele de lucru respective trebuie delimitate în mod vizibil;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- pentru picioarele si mâinile personalului de lucru se vor folosi materiale izolante corespunzatoare naturii si conditiilor de lucru;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">h) La racordul partilor mobile ale materialelor electrice, cum sunt de exemplu carucioarele podurilor rulante sau chiar podurile rulante, daca acesta se realizeaza cu ajutorul unor distributii electrice flexibile sau prin linii de contact fixe, protejate împotriva atingerilor directe.</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Liniile de contact al podurilor rulante pentru care nu este posibil sa fie îndeplinite conditiile enumerate datorita radiatiilor calorice de la materialele sau produsele manevrate, se pot realiza cu conductoare neizolate daca:</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- tensiunea de serviciu a liniilor de contact nu depaseste 1000V c.a. sau 1500V c.c.;</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: justify;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">- conditiile referitoare la inaccesibilitate sunt respectate pentru personalul însarcinat cu manevrarea podului, atât la locul de lucru cât si pe caile de acces spre locul de lucru.</span></div>

Protectia impotriva atingerilor directe

Protectia împotriva atingerilor directe Protectia împotriva atingerilor directe se realizeaza cu masuri prin care atingerea de catre util...

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Variatia randamentului motoarelor asincrone

<div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px; text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Variatia randamentului motoarelor asincrone în functie de sarcina</span></b></div> <div align="center" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 15px;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 451px;"><tbody> <tr><td colspan="4" style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Randamentul in % la diverse sarcini din sarcina nominala, </span></b><b><span style="font-family: Symbol;">h</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">1</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">2</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">3</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <b><span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">4</span></b><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">50%</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">75%</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">100%</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">120%</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">93,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">95</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">95</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">94,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">92,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">94</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">94</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">93,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">91,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">93</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">93</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">92,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">91</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">92</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">92</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">91,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">90</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">91</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">91</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">90</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">89</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">90</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">90</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">89</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">88</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">89</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">89</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">88</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">87</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">88</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">88</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">87</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">86</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">87</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">87</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">86</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">85</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">86</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">86</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">85</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">84</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">85</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">85</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">83,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">83</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">84</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">84</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">82,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">82</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">83</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">83</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">81,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">81</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">82</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">82</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">80,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">80</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">81</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">81</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">79,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">79</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">80</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">80</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">78,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">77</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">79,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">79</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">77,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">75,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">78,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">78</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">76,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">74</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">77,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">77</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">75</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">73</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">76</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">76</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">74</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">72</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">75</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">75</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">73</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">71</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">74</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">74</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">72</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">70</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">73</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">73</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">71</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">68</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">72</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">72</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">71</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">67</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">71</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">71</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">69</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">66</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">70</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">70</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">68</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">65</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">69</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">69</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">67</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">64</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">67,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">68</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">66</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">62</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">66,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">67</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">65</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">61</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">65</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">66</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">64</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">60</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">64</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">66</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">64</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">59</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">63</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">64</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">62</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">57</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">62</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">63</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">61</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">56</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">60,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">62</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">60,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">55</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">59,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">61</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">59,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">54</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">58,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">60</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">58,5</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">53</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">58</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">59</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">57</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">52</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">57</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">58</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">56</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">51</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">55</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">57</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">55</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">49</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">54</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">56</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">54</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">47</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">52</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">55</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">53</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">46</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">51</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">54</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">52</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> <tr><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">45</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">50</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">53</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td><td style="color: #333333; font-family: arial; font-size: 12px; padding: 5.25pt;" valign="top" width="25%"><div align="center" style="text-align: center;"> <span lang="FR" style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">51</span><span lang="FR"></span></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div>

Variatia randamentului motoarelor asincrone

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